English: "(A) Snapshot of the temperature field in the cumulates after 100 Ma for our fiducial case using kcrust = 2 W m−1 K−1 and ηref = 1021 Pa s (Fig. 2, blue curve). Convection in the cumulates occurs while the magma ocean (yellow area) is still solidifying and the plagioclase crust (gray area) is still growing. (B) Corresponding laterally averaged temperature profile (blue line). In hot upwellings, the temperature exceeds the solidus [red dashed line in (B)], causing partial melting [pale areas in (A)] that results in heat piping."