Список найсолоніших водойм: відмінності між версіями

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Це '''перелік водойм за солоністю,''' до якого віднесено природні водойми зі солоністю понад 10%.
Це '''перелік водойм за солоністю,''' до якого віднесено природні водойми зі солоністю понад 10%.


Солоність часто змінюється залежно від місцезнаходження та пори року, особливо для [[Гіперсолоне озеро|гіперсолоних озер]] у посушливих районах, тому показники солоності в таблиці нижче слід інтерпретувати як середній показник.
Солоність часто змінюється залежно від місцезнаходження та пори року, особливо для [[Гіперсолоне озеро|гіперсолоних озер]] у посушливих районах, тому показники солоності в таблиці нижче слід інтерпретувати як середній показник.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Солоність, г/кг ([[‰]])
! Водойма
! Тип
! Регіон
! Прим.
|-
| align="right"| 433 || [[Gaet'ale Pond]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Ethiopia]] ||<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Perez|first1=Eduardo|last2=Chebude|first2=Yonas|title=Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth|journal=Aquatic Geochemistry|date=April 2017|volume=23|issue=2|pages=109–117|doi=10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z|s2cid=132715553}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Guinness World Records |url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 400 || [[Lake Retba]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Senegal]] ||{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|-
| align="right"| 350 || [[Lake Vanda]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Antarctica]] ||{{citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|-
| align="right"| 350 || [[Garabogazköl]] || [[lagoon]] || [[Turkmenistan]] || <ref>{{cite report|title= Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea|last1=Aladin |first1=Nicolai |last2=Plotnikov |first2=Igor |url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/133415.pdf|date=28 June 2004|page=6|accessdate=4 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 348 || [[Lake Assal (Djibouti)|Lake Assal]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Djibouti]] || <ref>{{cite web|last1=Woodward|first1=Susan L.|title=Saline Lakes|url=https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/?page_id=1246|website=Biomes of the World|publisher=Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University|accessdate=4 May 2018|location=Radford, Virginia}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 338 || [[Don Juan Pond]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Antarctica]] ||<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hammer|first1=U.T.|title=Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World |date=1986|publisher=Springer |isbn=9789061935353|page=109|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NOdvPFm6SyoC&pg=PA109|accessdate=27 March 2018}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 337 ||[[Dead Sea]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Israel]], [[Jordan]], [[West Bank]]|| <ref>Goetz, P.W. (ed.) ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'' (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 324 ||[[Lake Tuz]] (Tuz Gölü)|| [[salt lake]] || [[Turkey]]|| <ref>{{cite web|title=Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5824/|year=2020 |website=Unesco World Heritage Center|access-date=5 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 317 || [[Great Salt Lake|Great Salt Lake, North Arm]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Great Basin]], [[Utah]], [[United States]] ||<ref name=lakeline>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=James S.|last2=Null|first2=Sarah E.|last3=Tarboton|first3=David|title=More than Meets the Eye: Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake, Utah|journal=LakeLine|date=2004|issue=Fall 2004|pages=25–29|url=http://hydrology.usu.edu/dtarb/White_etal_2014_Lakeline.pdf|accessdate=26 April 2018}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 300 || [[Lake Baskunchak]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Astrakhan Oblast]], [[Russia]] ||<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.wild-russia.org/bioregion3/Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky/3_bogdinsko.htm | title=Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky - Russian Nature Reserve}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 85–280 || [[Lake Urmia]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Iran]] ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Lake Urmia |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/619901/Lake-Urmia |year=2012 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |access-date=28 August 2012}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 180 || [[Little Manitou Lake (Saskatchewan)|Little Manitou Lake]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Canada]] ||<ref>[http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/little-manitou-lake Little Manitou Lake]. ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''.</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 142 || [[Great Salt Lake|Great Salt Lake, South Arm]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Great Basin]], [[Utah]], [[United States]] ||<ref name=lakeline/>
|-
| align="right"| 120 || [[Lake Abert]] ||[[salt lake]]||[[Great Basin]], [[Oregon]], [[United States]]||<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=1gnoz2Rx3-MC&oi=fnd&pg=PP3&ots=JG1hNZbssf&sig=QPZ7nYvVfMJEsel8m7HbmVXI6-w#v=onepage&q&f=false Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes, South-Central Oregon]</ref>
|-
| align="right"|88|| [[Mono Lake]] || [[salt lake]] || [[United States]] ||<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Willever|first1=Katherine Lynn|title=Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada|journal=UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones|date=2016 |issue=2817|url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3818&context=thesesdissertations|page=15|accessdate=4 May 2018}}</ref> {{small|(as of 2015)}}
|-
| align="right"|66|| [[Hamelin Pool]] || [[lagoon]] || [[Australia]] ||<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Suosaari|first1=Erica|last2=Reid|first2=Pamela |last3=Playford|first3=Phillip|display-authors=etal|title=New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia|journal=Scientific Reports |date=2016|volume=6|issue=20557|pages=20557|doi=10.1038/srep20557|pmid=26838605 |pmc=4738353|bibcode=2016NatSR...620557S}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 44 || [[Salton Sea]] || [[salt lake]] || [[United States]] ||<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/salton/Salton%20Sea%20Description.html|title=The Salton Sea|work=The Salton Sea Authority|date = October 1997}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 38 ||[[Mediterranean Sea]] || |[[Mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] || [[Southern Europe]], [[Levant]], [[North Africa]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/686-ocean-salinity|title=Ocean salinity|work=Science Learning Hub|access-date=2017-07-02|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"|36–41 || [[Red Sea]] || [[mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] ||[[Egypt]], [[Sudan]], [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Horn of Africa]] ||<ref>{{Cite journal|title = The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions|last = A. Anati|first = David|date = March 1999|journal = International Journal of Salt Lake Research|volume = 8|pages = 55–70|doi = 10.1023/A:1009059827435|pmid = }}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 30–40 || [[Lake Natron]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Tanzania]] ||<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-rtoFIsImzoC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=lake+natron+salinity&source=bl&ots=Lb6nISHF_y&sig=JdylGLkTJo6ND60yZ6PSPdXBwwo&hl=en&sa=X&ei=wRpMUqewJMPS0QWOiYG4Ag&ved=0CHYQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=lake%20natron%20salinity&f=false The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management], p.38</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 34–36 || [[World Ocean]] || [[ocean]] || Worldwide || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/686-ocean-salinity | title=Ocean salinity}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 34.06 ± 0.543 || [[Lough Hyne]] || [[marine lake]] || [[Republic of Ireland]] || <ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.epa.ie/researchandeducation/research/researchpublications/strivereports/STRIVE_66_Jessopp_NEIDIN_web.pdf | title=Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland's Only Marine Nature Reserve (NEIDIN)}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 28–32 || [[Beaufort Sea]] || [[Marginal sea|marginal sea]] || North of [[Alaska]] and [[Canada]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bse.sci-lib.com/article129176.html|title=Beaufort Sea|website=Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 0.13–31.73 || [[Chilika Lake]] || [[lagoon]] || [[India]] ||<ref>[http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/1662/1/IJMS%2033%282%29%20164-169.pdf Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa]</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 13–23 || [[Black Sea]] || [[Mediterranean sea (oceanography)|mediterranean sea]] || [[Eastern Europe]], [[Turkey]] ||<ref>[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/L/BlackSea.htm Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine]</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 23 || [[Lake Van]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Turkey]] ||<ref>{{cite journal|title=Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth's largest soda lake |last1=Yama |first1=Tomonaga |journal= Scientific Reports |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=313 |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w |pmid=28331216 |pmc=5428207 |date=22 March 2017 |bibcode=2017NatSR...7..313T}}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 12.5 || [[Caspian Sea]] || [[Inland sea (geology)|inland sea]] || [[Central Asia]]||<ref>[http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/133415.pdf Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)]</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 11.4 || [[Sarygamysh Lake]] || [[salt lake]] || [[Turkmenistan]], [[Uzbekistan]]||<ref name=orlovsky>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Orlovsky |first1=Leah |volume=28 |pages=107–140 |last2=Matsrafi |first2=Offir |last3=Orlovsky |first3=Nikolai |last4=Kouznetsov |first4=Michael |title=Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – the Past, the Present, and the Future |encyclopedia=The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan |year=2014 |publisher=Springer-Verlag |location=Berlin/Heidelberg |doi=10.1007/698_2012_191|series=The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry |isbn=978-3-642-38606-0 }}</ref>
|-
| align="right"| 10 || [[Baltic Sea]] ||[[Marginal sea|marginal sea]]||[[Northern Europe]]||<ref>[http://www.borenv.net/BER/pdfs/ber14/ber14-125.pdf Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone]</ref><ref group=n>Some bays have considerably lower salinity.</ref>
|-
|}


== Бібліографія ==
== Бібліографія ==

Версія за 14:15, 8 жовтня 2020

Це перелік водойм за солоністю, до якого віднесено природні водойми зі солоністю понад 10%.

Солоність часто змінюється залежно від місцезнаходження та пори року, особливо для гіперсолоних озер у посушливих районах, тому показники солоності в таблиці нижче слід інтерпретувати як середній показник.


Солоність, г/кг () Водойма Тип Регіон Прим.
433 Gaet'ale Pond salt lake Ethiopia [1][2]
400 Lake Retba salt lake Senegal [джерело?]
350 Lake Vanda salt lake Antarctica [джерело?]
350 Garabogazköl lagoon Turkmenistan [3]
348 Lake Assal salt lake Djibouti [4]
338 Don Juan Pond salt lake Antarctica [5]
337 Dead Sea salt lake Israel, Jordan, West Bank [6]
324 Lake Tuz (Tuz Gölü) salt lake Turkey [7]
317 Great Salt Lake, North Arm salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States [8]
300 Lake Baskunchak salt lake Astrakhan Oblast, Russia [9]
85–280 Lake Urmia salt lake Iran [10]
180 Little Manitou Lake salt lake Canada [11]
142 Great Salt Lake, South Arm salt lake Great Basin, Utah, United States [8]
120 Lake Abert salt lake Great Basin, Oregon, United States [12]
88 Mono Lake salt lake United States [13] (as of 2015)
66 Hamelin Pool lagoon Australia [14]
44 Salton Sea salt lake United States [15]
38 Mediterranean Sea mediterranean sea Southern Europe, Levant, North Africa [16]
36–41 Red Sea mediterranean sea Egypt, Sudan, Arabian Peninsula, Horn of Africa [17]
30–40 Lake Natron salt lake Tanzania [18]
34–36 World Ocean ocean Worldwide [19]
34.06 ± 0.543 Lough Hyne marine lake Republic of Ireland [20]
28–32 Beaufort Sea marginal sea North of Alaska and Canada [21]
0.13–31.73 Chilika Lake lagoon India [22]
13–23 Black Sea mediterranean sea Eastern Europe, Turkey [23]
23 Lake Van salt lake Turkey [24]
12.5 Caspian Sea inland sea Central Asia [25]
11.4 Sarygamysh Lake salt lake Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [26]
10 Baltic Sea marginal sea Northern Europe [27][n 1]

Бібліографія

  • Johanna Laybourn-Parry; Jemma L. Wadham (2014). Antarctic Lakes. Oxford University Press. с. 92—94. ISBN 978-0-19-967049-9.
  1. Perez, Eduardo; Chebude, Yonas (April 2017). Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Water Body on Earth. Aquatic Geochemistry. 23 (2): 109—117. doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z. S2CID 132715553.
  2. Guinness World Records.
  3. Aladin, Nicolai; Plotnikov, Igor (28 June 2004). Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (PDF) (Звіт). с. 6. Процитовано 4 May 2018.
  4. Woodward, Susan L. Saline Lakes. Biomes of the World. Radford, Virginia: Department of Geospatial Science, Radford University. Процитовано 4 May 2018.
  5. Hammer, U.T. (1986). Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World. Springer. с. 109. ISBN 9789061935353. Процитовано 27 March 2018.
  6. Goetz, P.W. (ed.) The New Encyclopædia Britannica (15th ed.). Vol. 3, p. 937. Chicago, 1986
  7. Lake Tuz Special Environmental Protection Area (SEPA) - UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Unesco World Heritage Center. 2020. Процитовано 5 May 2020.
  8. а б White, James S.; Null, Sarah E.; Tarboton, David (2004). More than Meets the Eye: Managing Salinity in Great Salt Lake, Utah (PDF). LakeLine (Fall 2004): 25—29. Процитовано 26 April 2018.
  9. Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky - Russian Nature Reserve.
  10. Lake Urmia. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2012. Процитовано 28 August 2012.
  11. Little Manitou Lake. The Canadian Encyclopedia.
  12. Solute Balance at Abert and Summer Lakes, South-Central Oregon
  13. Willever, Katherine Lynn (2016). Biogeochemistry of a Saline, Alkaline, Terminal Lake Ecosystem in Transition; Walker Lake, Nevada. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones (2817): 15. Процитовано 4 May 2018.
  14. Suosaari, Erica; Reid, Pamela; Playford, Phillip та ін. (2016). New multi-scale perspectives on the stromatolites of Shark Bay, Western Australia. Scientific Reports. 6 (20557): 20557. Bibcode:2016NatSR...620557S. doi:10.1038/srep20557. PMC 4738353. PMID 26838605.
  15. The Salton Sea. The Salton Sea Authority. October 1997.
  16. Ocean salinity. Science Learning Hub (англ.). Процитовано 2 липня 2017.
  17. A. Anati, David (March 1999). The salinity of hypersaline brines: Concepts and misconceptions. International Journal of Salt Lake Research. 8: 55—70. doi:10.1023/A:1009059827435.
  18. The Biology and Culture of Tilapias: Proceedings of the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, p.38
  19. Ocean salinity.
  20. Nutrient and Ecosystem Dynamics in Ireland's Only Marine Nature Reserve (NEIDIN) (PDF).
  21. Beaufort Sea. Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian).
  22. Indian Journal of Marine Sciences - Variation of Water Quality of Chilika Lake, Orissa
  23. Black Sea - Encyclopedia of Ukraine
  24. Yama, Tomonaga (22 March 2017). Porewater salinity reveals past lake-level changes in Lake Van, the Earth's largest soda lake. Scientific Reports. 7 (7): 313. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7..313T. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00371-w. PMC 5428207. PMID 28331216.
  25. Lake Basin Management Initiative - The Caspian Sea (2004)
  26. Orlovsky, Leah; Matsrafi, Offir; Orlovsky, Nikolai; Kouznetsov, Michael (2014). Sarykamysh Lake: Collector of Drainage Water – the Past, the Present, and the Future. The Turkmen Lake Altyn Asyr and Water Resources in Turkmenistan. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. Т. 28. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. с. 107—140. doi:10.1007/698_2012_191. ISBN 978-3-642-38606-0.
  27. Long Term Temperature & Salinity Records from the Baltic Sea Transition Zone


Помилка цитування: Теги <ref> існують для групи під назвою «n», але не знайдено відповідного тегу <references group="n"/>