Користувач:Andriy Chyzh 2017/Чернетка
Among the harmful health factors important place occupied by air pollution, land - oil and fuel, noise pollution, smog. These phenomena are caused by vehicles, thermal power systems and industry. In cities, the bulk vehicles. This own freight and public transport. Transport provides 70 percent of all of harmful emissions. Ukraine has registered more than 1 million trucks and about 3 million cars. In large cities, the share of road transport pollution in the atmosphere is of great interest. For example, in Uzhgorod 91% – Yalta, Poltava – 88%, Lviv – 79%, Kiev – 75%. This substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, soot, lead.Very unpleasant and dangerous for the environment and for human phenomenon of smog. Smog – a kind of "smoky fog" that disrupts the normal state of the air and the resulting interaction between the hydrocarbons contained in the air, and nitrogen oxides, which is in the exhaust gases of vehicles. But the content of such a dangerous product of the cars as oxides of carbon, the biggest compared to any other pollutant. However, since the gas has no color, no smell, no taste, the human senses to detect it can not. But that it is not dangerous, ninety percent of carbon oxides into the air as a result of incomplete combustion of carbon in the engine. Carbon monoxide is inhaled along with air and enters the bloodstream, where he began to intercept oxygen in the hemoglobin molecule. The more of compounds in the air, the more hemoglobin combines with it and the less oxygen reaches cells. All pollutants affect the human body, impeding breathing, complicated and can acquire the dangerous nature of cardiovascular disease. Param Jaggi still gets lost on his college campus. He won’t drink legally for another four years. He can’t even vote yet. But the Plano East Senior High graduate might just minimize the world’s carbon footprint and improve air quality for the next generation of drivers. A gangly 17-year-old with a fast-moving smile and penchant for martial arts, Jaggi built a device that uses algae to turn a car’s carbon dioxide emissions into oxygen. It plugs into the tailpipe and transforms gases through a jerry-rigged photosynthesis process. The cost: $30. The compact system, which he considers “still in the alpha phase” despite a pending patent, snagged the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s sustainability award at this year’s Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. It drove out 1,500 other inventions. Popular Science also named Jaggi one of the year’s top 10 high school inventors. Jaggi prefers to think of himself as a socially conscious hobbyist with a borderline obsession. “I say, ‘I can create oxygen using algae,’ and a lot of people say, ‘Why didn’t I think of that first?’” Perhaps because most teenagers don’t dream up solutions to global warning while learning to drive. Two years ago, holding a fresh learner’s permit, Jaggi stopped behind a car spewing fumes. “I was researching energy solutions,” he said, “and I realized this is the most basic input in society. It clicked. We’re all driving multiple cars, so why not solve the problem at the most fundamental state? Why not get rid of carbon dioxide before it enters the atmosphere?” Thus began a science project that would consume his thoughts and evenings for the next couple of years. Jaggi configured a battery-powered light to ensure the algae received enough artificial sun for photosynthesis. He fed the plant solution iron supplements and toyed with its heat tolerance. About $8,000 in winnings later, his project had morphed into something more. “We as a family are always thinking about what is needed in the marketplace,” said Pawan Jaggi, the young inventor’s father. “So we call ourselves the entrepreneur family. But what was fascinating was he was the first one in the family who found a real problem and did something about it.” Pawan Jaggi, himself an inventor, encouraged his son to patent the product. But his assistance, he said, ended with finances. “Algae? I actually know nothing about it.” The concept intrigued Russ Schultz, a patent lawyer and former mechanical engineer. “It didn’t jump out as a world changer,” he said when father and son presented him with the system. “But the intersection of biology in machines is something unique.” Schultz later employed Jaggi at his firm. “I’m been doing this since the dawn of time, and I’d say Param is the youngest inventor that I’ve dealt with that is serious,” he said. Of course, he added, he hasn’t seen the device in action. And ultimately, amid the cash prizes and accolades lies the question of viability. Could this thing really work? “How feasible it is, I’m just not sure,” said James Grover, a professor of biology and director of Environmental and Earth Sciences at the University of Texas at Arlington. He credited algae as an increasingly popular and cheap biofuel, but he questioned whether car mufflers could hold enough of it to eliminate carbon dioxide emissions. He wonders also whether consumers would really want to add an algae swap to their oil change . “It’s certainly something that makes sense,” Grover said. “But my gut feeling is that a system like that hooked up to a power plant is probably a nearer term thing than something on a mobile (device) like an automobile.” Jaggi refuses to let his project dissipate into a pipe dream. He plans to solicit funding and expertise from his professors at Austin College in Sherman, where he received a sizable scholarship. He continues to hunt for a way to prolong the algae’s lifespan beyond three months. He envisions one day powering cars largely on the green plants. Those developments will probably occur after medical school, he said. But first, he has to find a car to test them. “My parents are still scared, just in case,” Jaggi said, trying to remember the route to the student center. “They say not as long as the car is under their names.”[1]