Стародавні кити: відмінності між версіями

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Рядок 153: Рядок 153:
== Часова лінія родів ==
== Часова лінія родів ==
[[File:Archaeoceti geological ages 01.jpg|thumb|640px|center|Часова лінія родів древніх китів]]
[[File:Archaeoceti geological ages 01.jpg|thumb|640px|center|Часова лінія родів древніх китів]]

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Версія за 19:28, 4 січня 2015

Стародавні кити
Час існування: Еоцен — олігоцен
Rodhocetus
Біологічна класифікація
Домен: Еукаріоти (Eukaryota)
Царство: Тварини (Metazoa)
Тип: Хордові (Chordata)
Підтип: Черепні (Craniata)
Інфратип: Хребетні (Vertebrata)
Клас: Ссавці (Mammalia)
Надряд: Cetartiodactyla
Ряд: Китоподібні (Cetacea)
Підряд: †Стародавні кити (Archaeoceti)
Flower, 1883
Родини
Посилання
Вікісховище: Archaeoceti
Віківиди: Archaeoceti
Fossilworks: 42933

Стародавні кити (Archaeoceti) — вимерлий ряд примітивних китоподібних ссавців. Найдавніші представники групи, наприклад пакицет, ще мали кінцівки, за допомогою яких вони пересувались по суші.

Походження

На підставі характеристик зубної системи, вважалося, що стародавні кити утворилася від мезонихій (Mesonychia) — вимерлого ряду копитних м'ясоїдних ссавців. Однак, недавні дослідження, засновані на молекулярних даних, а не зубній морфології показали, що ранні китів, ймовірно, походять від парнокопитних (можливо, мають загального предка із родиною Бегемотові). Предок археоцет, ймовірно, відхилився від парнокопитних у кінці крейдяного періоду або на початку палеоцену.

Найдавнішим відомим представником групи є пакицет. Його скам'янілості знайдені у Пакистані та датуються раннім еоценом (56-49 млн років тому). Останній представник групи — базилозавр вимер 25 млн років тому.

Опис

Pakicetus

Пакицетус мав добре розвинені кінцівки, призначені для пересування на суші та довгий хвіст. Зовнішнім виглядом та розміром нагадував вовка. На близкість до китів вказує S-подібна кістка у внутрішньому вусі, яка є тульки у китів. Тварина жила у мілких прісних водоймах або болотах. Будова зубної системи вказує на рибну дієту пакицетуса.

Ambulocetus

Пізніший представник — амбулоцет, що жив 53 млн років тому, більше нагадував крокодила. У нього були великі ноги і сильний хвіст, голова з довгою мордою та міцними зубами. Задні кінцівки були коротшими за передні. Пальці закінчувались копитами. Амбулоцет жив у прибережних водах, плавав за допомогою задніх кінцівок, як це роблять сучасні видри. Він ще не вратив здатності до пересування по суші, але рухи його були незграбними, як у сучасних тюленей.

Ремінгтоноцети мали короткі кінцівки та довгий, сильний хвіст. Крихітні очі вказують на поганий зір та слух. Великі вуха вказують, що цим тваринам потрібен хороший слух. Вони напевне жили у прісних каламутних водоймах Південної Азії. Вони мали довгу морду, довгу шию та ноги, що були здатні утримувати вагу тварини на землі.

Протоцетові жили 47-41 млн років тому. Вони мали дрібні задні кінцівки та сильний хвіст. Це були хороші плавці, що населяли теплі та мілкі моря. У деяких видів задні кінцівки не були з'єднані із хребтом, що вказує на те, що вони вже не здатні були пересуватись на суші. Зубний апарат нагадує такий у сучасних зубатих китів. Це були активні хижаки, що живились рибою.

Останні представники групи — базилозаврові, вже були справжніми володарями моря. Вони нагадували сучасних китів, проте мали редуковані задні кінцівки. Передні вже перетворились на ласти. Ці тварини, ще не користувались ехолокацією.

Таксономія

Систематика

Китоподібні (Cetacea)
Стародавні кити (Archaeoceti)
Pakicetidae
Pakicetus — Пакицет
Nalacetus
Ichthyolestes
Ambulocetidae
Ambulocetus — Амбулоцет
Gandakasia
Himalayacetus
Remingtonocetidae
Andrewsiphius
Attockicetus
Dalanistes
Kutchicetus
Remingtonocetus
Protocetidae
Georgiacetinae
Babiacetus
Carolinacetus
Eocetus — Еоцет
Georgiacetus
Natchitochia
Pappocetus
Makaracetinae
Makaracetus — Макарацет
Protocetinae
Aegyptocetus — Єгиптоцет
Artiocetus
Crenatocetus
Gaviacetus
Indocetus — Індоцет
Maiacetus — Маяцет
Protocetus — Протоцет
Qaisracetus
Rodhocetus — Родоцет
Takracetus
Togocetus
Basilosauridae
Basilotritus
Basilosaurus — Базилозавр
Basiloterus
Ancalecetus
Chrysocetus
Cynthiacetus
Dorudon — Дорудон
Masracetus
Ocucajea
Saghacetus
Stromerius
Supayacetus
Zygorhiza
Kekenodontidae
Kekenodon
Phococetus

Філогенія

Cetartiodactyla
Artiodactyla

 
Cetacea
 

Pakicetidae

 
 
 

Ambulocetidae

 
 
 

Remingtonocetidae

 
 
 

Protocetidae

 
 
 

Basilosauridae

 
 
 

Dorudontinae

 
 
 

Odontoceti

 
 

Mysticeti

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Часова лінія родів

Часова лінія родів древніх китів
Отримано з https://uk.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Стародавні_кити&oldid=15381847