Sci-Hub: відмінності між версіями

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Створена сторінка: {{Картка сайту | назва = Sci-Hub | назва(офіційна)= | лого = 150px | ск...
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Версія за 03:42, 1 березня 2016

{{Картка сайту 

| назва          = Sci-Hub
| назва(офіційна)= 
| лого           = 
| скріншот       = 
| підпис         = 
| адреса         = sci-hub.io, sci-hub.cc
| слоган         =  To remove all barriers in the way of scienceПомилка цитування: Відсутній тег </ref> за наявності тегу <ref> доступні для завантажити з вебсайту.

Нові академічні праці додаються щоденно, після того як веб-сайт отримує доступ до них через пркосі-сервери .edu.[1][2] Створений у 2011 році Єлбакян Алєксандрою, розробниця програм та дослідницею нейротехнологій з Казахстану, сайт засновувався як відповідь надмірно високій ціні дослідницьких праць, схованих за так званими paywallами, доступ до яких зазвичай дається за $30 за кожну академічну працю.[2][3] Академічне видавництво Elsevier подало до суду у 2015 у суді міста Нью Йорк стрерджуючи, що у діяльності сайту Sci-Hub спричинило порушенню авторського права щодо їхньої інтелектуальної власності.[4]

History

The Sci-Hub project started running on 5 September 2011[5] and was founded by Alexandra Elbakyan, a software developer and neurotechnology researcher from Kazakhstan,[6] with the goal to increase the spread of knowledge by allowing more people to access paywalled content.[7][8] The project's original domain name, Sci-Hub.org, was suspended in November 2015 due to a court order.[9] The project resurfaced again that same month under a .io domain.[10]

The site has become very popular in less developed countries such as India and Indonesia,[11] as well as Pakistan, Iran, China, Russia and Brazil.[12] Providing access to research for less privileged institutions and countries has been Elbakyan's express goal in creating the site, stating that she similarly shared papers without permission when she did research at a Kazakhstan university, given the need to skim hundreds of papers.[13]

Sci-Hub is the first known website to provide automatic and free access to paywalled academic papers on a massive scale.[3] Before Sci-Hub people used to request and share research papers manually by direct email to paper authors or other academics.[3] Around the same time Sci-Hub started, online research forums and social networks were available, like the #ICanHazPDF Twitter tag.[14] Manual sharing counts for hundreds of papers per day[джерело?] being distributed. The Sci-Hub website claims serving thousands of requests every day.[3]

Website

Sci-Hub provides readers with articles without requiring a subscription or payment.[15] An average of 200,000 users visited Sci-Hub per day in January 2016.[16] Before the project's original domain, Sci-Hub.org, was blocked, the website had an average of 80,000 visitors per day.[17] The site can gain access to papers on demand in two ways: first, it will check whether the requested paper is available at LibGen, a similar website hosted in Russia. If the paper isn't available there, Sci-hub will then pass through the corresponding paywall and retrieve the document from the original publisher's website. Sci-hub is able to achieve this thanks to a collection of subscription credentials that anonymous academics from around the world have donated. Sci-hub has credentials to access papers published at JSTOR, Springer, Sage, and Elsevier, among others.[18] If a paper is retrieved that was not previously available at LibGen, Sci-hub will share a copy of the document with LibGen for future use. The project also hosts a Tor hidden service that can be used to access the website.[2][14][19]

Lawsuit

The site is currently involved in a legal case with Elsevier: Elsevier et al. v. Sci-Hub et al.[20] Elsevier claims that Sci-Hub illegally accesses accounts of students and academic institutions to provide free access to articles through their platform ScienceDirect.[12] The case is complicated by the fact that the site is hosted in St. Petersburg, Russia, making it difficult to target within the US legal system.[12] Some question Elsevier's motives behind its simultaneous attempt to partner with Wikipedia to disseminate their paywalled papers.[21] A similar case is also being run against the site Library Genesis (LibGen),[11][12] which may be based in the Netherlands[12] or possibly Russia as well.[22] Despite seizure of the "sci-hub.org" domain name as ordered by a New York district court on October 28, 2015, the site is still accessible through alternative domains as of February 2016[7][10] and also accessible through the Tor network.[7]

Alexandra Elbakyan has cited the Article 27 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights "to share in scientific advancement and its benefits".[23] The Electronic Frontier Foundation has expressed support for Sci-Hub and its sister site LibGen.[8][24] The lawsuit has prompted widespread criticism of Elsevier.[25] After Elsevier's 2015 court victory, a group consisting of researchers, writers, and artists wrote an open letter in support of Sci-Hub and Library Genesis, calling the lawsuit was a "big blow" to researchers around the world and stating that "it devalues us, authors, editors, and readers alike. It parasites on our labor, it thwarts our service to the public, it denies us access".[14][26][27]

Див. також

Примітки

  1. ↑ Jump paywalls, score academic research for free, share it without being busted. Computerworld. 19 серпня 2015. Процитовано 6 грудня 2015. (англ.)
  2. ↑ а б в Russon, Mary-Ann (15 February 2016). Sci-Hub: Russian neuroscientist running 'Pirate Bay for scientists' with 48 million free academic papers. International Business Times. Процитовано 15 February 2016.
  3. ↑ а б в г Oxenham, Simon (10 February 2016). Meet the Robin Hood of Science. Big Think. The Big Think, Inc. Процитовано 22 February 2016. (англ.)
  4. ↑ Elsevier Cracks Down on Pirated Scientific Articles. TorrentFreak. 9 червня 2015. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015. (англ.)
  5. ↑ About Sci-Hub. Процитовано 13 грудня 2015.
  6. ↑ Lifeboat Foundation - Alexandra A. Elbakyan - Bio. Процитовано 15 February 2016.
  7. ↑ а б в Помилка цитування: Неправильний виклик тегу <ref>: для виносок під назвою :2 не вказано текст
  8. ↑ а б Sci-Hub Tears Down Academia's "Illegal" Copyright Paywalls - TorrentFreak. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  9. ↑ Court Orders Shutdown Of LibGen, Bookfi And Sci-Hub - TorrentFreak. Процитовано 13 грудня 2015.
  10. ↑ а б Sci-Hub, BookFi and LibGen Resurface After Being Shut Down. TorrentFreak (амер.). TF Publishing. Процитовано 13 грудня 2015.
  11. ↑ а б Stone, Maddie. Academic Publishing Giant Fights To Keep Science Paywalled. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  12. ↑ а б в г д Glance, David. Elsevier acts against research article pirate sites and claims irreparable harm. The Conversation. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  13. ↑ Science "Pirate" Attacks Elsevier's Copyright Monopoly in Court - TorrentFreak. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  14. ↑ а б в Waddell, Kaveh. The Research Pirates of the Dark Web. The Atlantic. Процитовано 15 February 2016.
  15. ↑ Cabanac, Guillaume (April 2015). Bibliogifts in LibGen? A study of a text-sharing platform driven by biblioleaks and crowdsourcing (PDF). Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/asi.23445. Процитовано 18 February 2016.
  16. ↑ Lucas Brouwers: 'Gratis wetenschap via Kazachstan. Interview Alexandra Elbakyan' In: Website NRC-Handelsblad, 23 Febr. 2016
  17. ↑ Schiermeier, Quirin. Pirate research-paper sites play hide-and-seek with publishers. Nature.
  18. ↑ MacDonald, Fiona. Researcher illegally shares millions of science papers free online to spread knowledge. ScienceAlert. Процитовано 12 лютого 2016.
  19. ↑ 48 Million Academic Texts for Free: Sci-Hub Serves the World. Sputnik. 15 February 2016. Процитовано 15 February 2016.
  20. ↑ "Piratentunnel. Verlage: Sci-Hub narrt Elsevier," in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Dec 16, 2015; Why is the Media Talking About SOPA Again: An Explainer - Disruptive Competition Project. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  21. ↑ Stone, Maddie. Is A Giant Academic Publisher Trying To Paywall Wikipedia?. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  22. ↑ Mance, Henry; Correspondent, Media (26 травня 2015). Publishers win landmark case against ebook pirates. Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Процитовано 5 жовтня 2015.
  23. ↑ Henderson, Emma. Pirate website offering millions of academic papers for free refuses to close despite lawsuit. The Independent. Процитовано 15 February 2016.
  24. ↑ What If Elsevier and Researchers Quit Playing Hide-and-Seek?. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Процитовано 18 December 2015.
  25. ↑ Simba Information: Five Professional Publishing News Events of 2015 Signal Times Are A-Changin'. PR Newswire. PR Newswire. Процитовано 18 December 2015.
  26. ↑ EXCLUSIVE: Robin Hood neuroscientist behind Sci-Hub research-pirate site talks to RT. 14 February 2016. Процитовано 15 February 2016.
  27. ↑ Open letter: In solidarity with Library Genesis and Sci-Hub. custodians.online. Процитовано 15 February 2016.

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