| Consonants
|
| IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximation
|
| b
|
bunaⓘ, bler
|
bike
|
| d
|
dentⓘ, dubel
|
done
|
| dʑ[1]
|
agidⓘ, jet
|
dew (British English)
|
| f
|
fitg, flad, clavⓘ
|
fast
|
| ɡ
|
gatⓘ, galant
|
gas
|
| k
|
carr, architect, augⓘ, kiosc, quai
|
scar
|
| l
|
lavarⓘ, milli, val
|
lip
|
| ʎ
|
eglⓘ, glieudⓘ, biglietⓘ
|
roughly like million
|
| m
|
milli, umⓘ
|
mother
|
| n
|
naninⓘ, onns
|
nest
|
| ŋ
|
saungⓘ, lungatgⓘ
|
sing
|
| ɲ
|
bognⓘ, gniervⓘ
|
roughly like canyon
|
| p
|
papetariaⓘ, appartament, verb
|
spin
|
| r
|
ʁ[2]
|
rodaⓘ, carrⓘ, meglra
|
water (American English) or French rose
|
| s
|
vossaⓘ, nusⓘ
|
sorry
|
| ʃ
|
schanza, glischⓘ, puspeiⓘ, scopo
|
ship
|
| t
|
teaterⓘ, ti, agid
|
star
|
| ts
|
cefraⓘ, bellezza, zunt
|
cats
|
| tɕ[1]
|
chasaⓘ, tgaminⓘ
|
stew (British English)
|
| tʃ
|
rumantschⓘ, tschetschapuorlaⓘ
|
chew
|
| v
|
gravaⓘ, watt
|
vent
|
| z
|
casaⓘ, rosaⓘ
|
zipper
|
| ʒ
|
sbaglⓘ, Svizra, branscha, Grischunⓘ
|
measure
|
| Marginal consonants
|
| h[3]
|
haluncsⓘ, hobi
|
hat
|
| Dialectal consonants
|
| ç
|
amihⓘ
|
hue
|
| Semivowels
|
| j
|
jeuⓘ, Italia, yak
|
you
|
| w
|
quelⓘ, ual, walkman
|
wine
|
|
| Vowels
|
| IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximation
|
| a
|
bancⓘ, clav
|
roughly like father
|
| ə ~ ɐ[4]
|
casaⓘ, mellenⓘ
|
comma or gut
|
| e
|
bler, pérⓘ
|
roughly like pay
|
| ɛ
|
è, pèrⓘ
|
bed
|
| i
|
ti, historicⓘ
|
see
|
| ɔ
|
pomⓘ, toc
|
off
|
| o
|
biroⓘ, ovra
|
law (British English)
|
| u
|
o ~ ʊ[2]
|
bun, udirⓘ
|
tool or pull
|
| Dialectal vowels[5]
|
| ø
|
chaschölⓘ, öglⓘ
|
roughly like hurt
|
| y
|
mürⓘ, büglⓘ
|
roughly like cute
|
|
|
| Suprasegmentals
|
| IPA
|
Examples
|
English example
|
| ˈ
|
combaⓘ [ˈkɔmbɐ]
|
bottle
|
| ˌ
|
libramain [ˌlibrəˈmaːin]
|
intonation
|
| .
|
gïunist [dʒi.uˈniʃt]
|
moai
|
| ː
|
darⓘ [daːr]
|
long vowel
|
| ◌̯[6]
|
cuortⓘ [kuɔ̯rt]
|
now
|
|